![]() Due to a large number of free electrons in the conduction, electrons are the main carriers and holes are the minority carriers in n-type semiconductors. The crystal as a whole is neutral, but the donor atom becomes a stable positive ion. Hence, it is known as an n-type semiconductor. ![]() Thus, the impure atom donates free electrons for circulation in the lattice and is called a "donor".Īs the number of free electrons increases along with the impurity, there is an increase in the negative charge carriers. When a pure semiconductor (silicon or germanium) is doped with a pentavalent impurity (P, As, Sb, Bi), four of the five valence electrons form four bonds with Ge or Si electrons.ĭupont's fifth electron becomes free. Semiconductors are materials that conduct conductivity between conductors and non-conductors or insulators. What are Van der Waals forces? (1 mark)Īns. Three States of Matter: Sample Questions Short Answer Questions This keeps the particles moving persistently and the matter can be referred to as liquid. When there is a presence of strong interparticle force between the atoms, the space between the particles increases due to enough kinetic energy. If the space between particles is decreased, the exerted amount of kinetic energy is very less and the force is very high, then the matter can be referred to as a solid. This state of matter is called gaseous state. When there is a presence of high kinetic energy, the force between particles is very less and there is an absence in the space between particles.
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